[Study on protective effect of dust mask for workers exposed to super absorbent polymer dust].

Objective: To analyze the protective effect of dust masks worn by super absorbent polymer (SAP) dust-exposed workers and the influence of each test exercise on the protective effect of mask. Methods: In March 2017, forty nine SAP dust-exposed workers in a large chemical enterprise were selected as subjects. The respirator fitness tester was used to test the protective effect of dust mask before and after training, and the influence of each test exercise on the protective effect of dust mask was analyzed. Results: After training, the qualified rate of dust mask protective effect of SAP dust-exposed workers was 95.92% (47/49) , which was significantly higher than that before training [63.31% (32/49) ], and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.69, P<0.01) . When the total protective effect was qualified, the fit factor (FF) decreased significantly when speaking aloud and bending down (Z=-2.59, -4.20, P<0.01) . The qualified rates of protective effect of each exercise were significantly different (χ2=42.70, P<0.01) , among which the qualified rates of deep breath was the highest (100.00%) , and the qualified rate of bending down was the lowest (70.21%) . Conclusion: Strengthening the training of workers to wear masks correctly is helpful to improve their respiratory protection efficiency. Under the condition that the total protective effect of dust masks is qualified, workers should try to avoid unnecessary actions, especially speaking aloud and bending down frequently.

[Clinical observation on effect of electroacupuncture therapy in treating superficial tumor].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of electroacupuncture therapy (EAT) in treating superficial tumors. METHODS: The healthy tissue was protected by insulation sleeve, and the platinum electrodes served as needles was inserted into the tumor and connected to an EAT instrument using galvanic current. The electric voltage applied was 6-8 V, the electric current was in a range of 40-80 mA, and 80-100 coulomb electricity for 1 cm diameter of tumor mass was administered. RESULTS: In the 320 cases, 123 were complete remission (CR), 129 partial remission (PR), 36 with their tumor shrinked by 1/4 and 32 with size of tumor unchanged. The total effective rate (CR + PR) was 78.7%. CONCLUSION: EAT shows good effect in treating superficial tumor and provides a new therapeutic means for the patients with tumor of unresectable or relapsed. It is a simple, convenient, safe and effective method with less injury and quick recovery.

Advances in the treatment of malignant tumours by electrochemical therapy (ECT).

A total of 4,081 patients with various malignant tumours were treated by electrochemical therapy (ECT) at 66 hospitals in China during the period 1987-1992. The clinical effectiveness of ECT was analysed in 2,516 patients who had complete hospital records. The most common malignant tumours treated with ECT was lung cancer (n = 593), skin cancer (n = 401), liver cancer (n = 388) and breast cancer (n = 228). Two thousand one hundred and twenty-four patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years. Survival rates were 84.3% for 1 year, 79.1% for 2 years, 63.5% for 3 years, 57.8% for 4 years, and 46.6% for 5 years. The 5-year survival for T1 and T2 stages was significantly better than for T3 and T4 stages (66.7% vs. 27.1%, p < 0.05). The short-term objective response (complete and partial response) was 78.1%. ECT is indicated in patients who are unsuitable for operation and radio- or chemotherapy due to old age, and who suffer from general weakness, or insufficiency of vital organs.

Experimental studies on electrolytic dosage of ECT for dog's oesophageal injury and clinical effects of ECT for oesophageal anastomotic opening stenosis and oesophageal carcinoma.

Experimental and clinical studies have been performed to explore the potential benefits of electrochemical therapy (ECT) in oesophageal cancer. In a dog experiment, the oesophageal injury induced by ECT was evaluated. The provision of 7.5 volts (V) and 25-100 coulomb (C) was associated with a slight injury of the mucosa, which was completely healed after two weeks. Ten patients with oesophageal stenosis were treated with ECT (4.5-5.5 V, 20-50 mA and 85-180 C). In all patients there was a significant dilatation of the stenotic area and the patients could eat a normal diet after three to four weeks. The clinical effectiveness in 35 patients treated with ECT for inoperable oesophagela carcinoma was found to be satisfactory. Complete and partial response was obtained in 15 cases (42.8%), and dysphagia was relieved for five to 13 months. In conclusion, oesophageal cancer may be successfully treated with a specially designed electrode and a specified dosage of electricity.

Electrostatic therapy (EST) of lung cancer and pulmonary metastasis: report of 15 cases.

Fifteen patients with primary lung cancer or pulmonary metastases were treated with electrostatic therapy (EST). The patients were treated with either low voltage (200 to 1200 V), high voltage (500 to 2500 V), or high voltage together with high magnetic field. At six months after EST, tumour regression was observed in two cases, relief of symptoms, but no change in tumour size, in five cases, and no effect of EST in nine patients. In conclusion, no marked effect of EST for treatment of cancer could be observed.

[Traditional and Western medical treatment of 211 cases of late stage lung cancer].

211 cases of middle and late stage of lung cancers were treated. They were failed to response to other treatments, or not indicated for surgical, radio- or chemotherapy. The diameter of tumors was 3 to 13 cm. Method of treatment: Electrochemical treatment (ECT group, 130 cases): needles was inserted into the cancer served as electrodes, the amount of electricity varied according to the size of tumors, usually 100 coulomb per 1 cm3 of cancer; TCM group (40 cases): Chinese medicine named AC7851 was given. One course of treatment lasted two months of continuous medication; ECT-TCM group (41 cases): ECT and AC7851 were given simultaneously. According to international grading, the short term effective rate of ECT group was 69.2%; that of TCM group was 52.5%, and ECT-TCM group 85.3%. The difference between the effective rate of latter group and former two groups was significant, P < 0.05. After 1-4 years of follow up, the 4 year survival rate of the 3 groups were 46.3%, 40.0% and 53.8% respectively. Above-mentioned results indicated that the combined ECT-TCM therapy is the most effective treatment.

[Direct current therapy (DCT) for malignant tumors].

The results of 216 malignant tumor patients treated by DCT are presented. Cancer patients unsuitable for surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy are indicated for DCT, especially those with superficially located tumors, eg. melanoma, cancer of the skin, thyroid, breast and mouth. The deep seated cancers, eg. cancer of the liver, adrenal gland, lung and uterine cervix can also be treated by DCT. However, very advanced lesions and patients with generalized metastases respond poorly to DCT. The over-all response rate of DCT was 77.7%.

Immunohistochemical study of transforming growth factor-alpha in human lung cancers.

The expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) was assessed by immunohistochemical staining in 52 human lung tumor samples. All of the 8 small cell lung cancers were negative whereas all of the 18 adenocarcinomas and 23 of the 26 squamous cell carcinomas showed positive immunoreaction to TGF alpha. Distribution of TGF alpha stainings in the squamous cell carcinomas was weaker and more heterogeneous as compared to the adenocarcinomas. Ultrastructural localization of TGF alpha in the squamous cell lung carcinomas by indirect immunogold staining revealed that TGF alpha is present in the cytoplasm as well as the cell membrane but not in the nucleus. This suggests that the lung cancer cells are not only the producer of TGF alpha, but also the target cells of the TGF alpha action. The expression of TGF alpha in lung tumors may be useful diagnostically in differentiating small cell lung cancer from non-small cell lung cancer and may also be important in the study of the biological properties of primary lung cancers.

[Alpha-hANP-like immunoreactivity in lung cancer].

Specific radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical method of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) was established to diagnose one case of large cell lung carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma) proved by pathology. It was found that there was alpha-hANP-like immunoreactivity in the cancer cells at a concentration of 147.5 pg/mg protein. Chromatography analysis showed that alpha-hANP-like immunoreactive materials had multiple molecular forms. The significance of these phenomena remains to be further investigated.

[Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies ALT-01 and ALT-04 and identification of lung cancer-associated antigens].

Two IgG1 type monoclonal antibodies ALT-01 and ALT-04 were prepared by two different immunization schedules. ALT-01 was generated by fusing murine myeloma NS-1 cells with splenocytes from a BALB/c mouse immunized by human lung squamous carcinoma cells, which were coated by antisera to mixed human lymphocytes. For preparation of ALT-04, human lung squamous carcinoma xenograft-bearing nude mice were injected I. P. with the spleen cells of normal BALB/c mice in order to acquire immunofunction. The spleen cells from these tumor-bearing nude mice were fused with NS-1 cells. Then, these hybridomas were screened and cloned for 3 times. Two antibodies were shown to recognize the surface antigen on human lung carcinoma cells and several kinds of tumor cell lines but not those on normal cell lines. ALT-01 reacted to neither human lung carcinoma tissue nor its xenograft. ALT-04 reacted to human lung carcinoma tissue, of which, reaction to adenocarcinoma was the strongest but not to various normal tissues. Immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography was used to detect the associated antigen in 35S-labeled human lung carcinoma cells. Antigens, reacting to ALT-01, show one band of Mr 38,000 but those to ALT-04 reveal two bands of Mr 48,000 and 36,000.